The cheongsam is a body-hugging (modified in Shanghai ) one-piece
Chinese dress for women. It is known in Chinese as the qípáo, qípáor and
is also known in English as a mandarin gown. The modern cheongsam is a
modernized version of the qipao of the Manchurians who ruled China in
the 17-19th cengrayry (Qing Dynasty).
The English loanword cheongsam comes from chèuhngsàam, the Cantonese
pronunciation of the Shanghainese term zǎnze or zansae (long
shirt/dress'), by which the original tight-fitting form was first known.
The Shanghainese name was somewhat at odds with usage in Mandarin and
other Chinese dialects, where chángshān refers to an exclusively male
dress and the female version is known as a qipao.
In Hong Kong, where many Shanghai tailors moved to after 1949, the word
chèuhngsàam may refer to either male or female garments. The word keipo
(qipao) is either a more formal term for the female chèuhngsàam, or is
used for the two-piece cheongsam variant that is popular in China.
Western countries mostly follow the original Shanghainese usage and
apply the name cheongsam to a garment worn by women.
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